The remaining 26 chapters of this work are later additions of various materials related to Zhuangzi’s works in content and style. Zhuangzi lived in the fourth century BCE. The second foundational Daoist text is Zhuangzi (Wade-Giles: Chuang Tzu), which is named after the author (as assumed by the present state of philological research) of the first seven chapters of this text, the so-called Inner Chapters, which are also considered as being the philosophical core of the whole book. The present textus receptus goes back to the editorial work of the philosopher Wang Bi (third century CE). The oldest extant manuscripts stem from the late fourth or early third century BCE and contain only fragments of what later became the standard text. It is now commonly assumed that this text is an anthology of previously orally transmitted materials. Laozi has also been regarded as the author of the most venerated text in Daoism, which was named after its presumed author and later given the honorific title Daodejing (Wade-Giles: Tao te ching, meaning The Classical Scripture of dao and Its Efficacy). The founding of this tradition has been attributed to a probably legendary person named Laozi (Wade-Giles: Lao Tzu). The term Daoism (or, in the spelling of the older Wade-Giles transcription system, Taoism) refers very broadly to a cultural, intellectual, religious, and textual tradition ranging from about 500 BCE to today. Moeller, in Encyclopedia of Applied Ethics (Second Edition), 2012 Introduction
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